evaluation of agrobacterium-mediated transformation of chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a synthetic amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase gene

amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ads) is a key enzyme in biochemical pathway of the antimalarial agent artemisinin. an agrobacterium-mediated transformation was carried out to express a synthetic ads gene in green microalga chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain 125c with bacterial strains gv3101 and lba4404. the foreign gene was optimized based on codon usage bias of the microalga. integration of the ads in nuclear genome of c. reinhardtii was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction assay. the transgenic colonies cultured on selective medium turned yellow after three days and gradually died. transformation procedure, growth habit of the transgenic microalgae together with probable causes of transformants loss is discussed. the present study is the first investigation for production of ads enzyme in a microalgal system.